Category Archives: Virtualization

[CentOS] OpenVZ – container based virtualization quick guide. Part 2

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In this guide, we will be exploring how to use the tools which come with OpenVZ and setup a internet facing container/vm. This part of the guide also assumes you have followed part 1 to setup the container already and have a working environment.

In part 1, we setup a CentOS container which we could enter/exit but we didn’t do anything else on the network. What we want to do is set it up so we have the ability to bridge our hosts’ network and define static IP for network interface.


yum install bridge-utils

[root@tooncent ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5761 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=bridge0

[root@tooncent ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bridge0
DEVICE=bridge0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes
DHCP_HOSTNAME="tooncent.com"

/etc/init.d/network restart

[root@tooncent ~]# cat ifcfg-veth101.0
# Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5761 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe
DEVICE=veth101.0
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=bridge0

vzctl set 101 --netif_add eth0 --save
echo '
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
' > /vz/private/101/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

After this just start and you should be good to go.

[CentOS] OpenVZ – container based virtualization quick guide. Part 1 of 2

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This quick guide will walk you through setting up OpenVZ on CentOS. I followed these steps on CentOS release 5.5 x64 version. If you want more detail on install via different methods and/or have different flavor of CentOS and run into an issue, you can follow instructions provided by OpenVZ site. Once you are done with this guide, you will have CentOS container running for you to play with.

For my purposes, I started with very basic installation of CentOS 5.5. I have done this on existing installations of CentOS without any issues as well. Ok so let’s start with getting the OpenVZ repository added to our system. This means that we will be going down “yum” path instead of “rpm” path. This is the quickest and easiest way to get OpenVZ installed.

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://download.openvz.org/openvz.repo
rpm --import http://download.openvz.org/RPM-GPG-Key-OpenVZ

Before we move on, let’s turn off selinux:

vi /etc/selinux/config
:0,$s/=enforcing/=disabled/g
:wq

Go ahead and reboot the box and check:

[root@tooncent ~]# getenforce
Disabled

Now since we have the OpenVZ repository added and selinux disabled, we can go ahead and move on with installation part:
yum install vzkernel.x86_64 #install kernel with openvz support

echo '
# ----------added for OpenVZ installation----------------
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1
# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
' >> /etc/sysctl.conf

Note: by executing above snippet, you will end up creating duplicate entries. It’s always a good idea to clean up duplicates to avoid confusion/mistakes later.

Following step is optional and mostly for clarity. Edit your grub.conf and change CentOS to say OpenVZ:

vi /etc/grub.conf

Change the first “title CentOS” to “title OpenVZ” (without the quotes). For example:

title CentOS (2.6.18-194.17.1.el5.028stab070.7)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.17.1.el5.028stab070.7 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.17.1.el5.028stab070.7.img

becomes:

title OpenVZ (2.6.18-194.17.1.el5.028stab070.7)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.17.1.el5.028stab070.7 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.17.1.el5.028stab070.7.img

Ok at this point we are ready to reboot and use the new kernel. Issue a “reboot”. Let’s install the utilities to manage OpenVZ:
yum install vzctl.x86_64 vzquota.x86_64

We need to start up vz manually once.

/etc/init.d/vz start

Alright! we got OpenVZ running. Now, let’s get a precreated template from OpenVZ site.

cd /vz/template/cache/
wget http://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/centos-5-x86_64.tar.gz

Ok now comes the fun part; let’s get our first container up and running:
Note: ostemplate name is the file you downloaded minus .tar.gz. centos-5-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@tooncent cache]# vzctl create 101 --ostemplate centos-5-x86_64
Creating container private area (centos-5-x86_64)
Performing postcreate actions
Container private area was created
[root@tooncent cache]#

Container files are created under /vz/private/101 < – 101 is the id you give it. You can put any numeric number above 100. Documentation says not to use anything below 101 since its a reserved range.

Let’s set a hostname so there is no confusion:

vzctl set 101 --hostname toontest.tooncent.com --save
Set hostname: toontest.tooncent.com
Saved parameters for CT 101

To start your new container:

[root@tooncent ~]# vzctl start 101
Starting container ...
Container is mounted
Setting CPU units: 1000
Set hostname: toontest.tooncent.com
Container start in progress...
[root@tooncent ~]#

To access your container:

vzctl enter 101

To exit the container, type: exit

To stop the container:

# vzctl stop 101
Stopping container ...
Container was stopped
Container is unmounted

Congratulations! You have successfully setup a container.